The 12th Malaysian general election was held on 8th March 2008. Since then there has been an unprecedented number of by elections, or buy-elections as cynics call them, for these events usually involve allegedly personalized note cards being passed around along with financial goodie bags.
Between GE10 and GE12, there had been only 10 by elections, but since GE12, there had been at least 13, with 2 upcoming and a possible 16th in the works.
Former Election Commission (EC) chairman Tan Sri Abdul Rashid Rahman, who served with the commission for 27 years, said: “there had never been more than a dozen by-elections during a single term.”
The full list:
1st
Date: 26th August 2008
Constituency: Permatang Pauh
Category: Parliament
Cause: Resignation of incumbent, Datuk Seri Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (PKR)
Winner: Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim (PKR)
2nd
Date: 7th January 2009
Constituency: Kuala Terengganu
Category: Parliament
Cause: death of incumbent Razali Ismail (BN)
Winner: Mohd Abdul Wahid Endut (PAS)
joint 3rd – 5th
Date: 7th April 2009
Constituency: Bukit Selambau (Kedah)
Category: State
Cause: Resignation of incumbent V. Arumugam (PKR)
Winner: S Manikumar (PKR)
joint 3rd – 5th
Date: 7th April 2009
Constituency: Bukit Gantang (Perak)
Category: Parliament
Cause: Death of incumbent Roslan Shaharum (PAS)
Winner: Datuk Seri Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin (PAS)
joint 3rd – 5th
Date: 7th April 2009
Constituency: Batang Ai (Sarawak)
Category: State
Cause: Death of incumbent Datuk Dublin Unting (BN)
Winner: Malcolm Mussen Lamoh (Parti Rakyat Sarawak)
6th
Date: 31st May 2009
Constituency: Penanti (Penang)
Category: State
Cause: Resignation of Mohammad Fairus Khairuddin (PKR)
Winner: Mansor Othman (PKR)
7th
Date: 14th July 2009
Constituency: Manek Urai (Kelantan)
Category: State
Cause: Death of incumbent Haji Ismail Yaacob (PAS)
Winner: Mohd Fauzi Abdullah (PAS)
8th
Date: 25th August 2009
Constituency: Permatang Pasir (Penang)
Category: State
Cause: Death of incumbent Datuk Mohd Hamdan Abdul Rahman (PAS)
Winner: Mohd Salleh Man (PAS)
9th
Date: 11th October 2009
Constituency: Bagan Pinang (Negri Sembilan)
Category: State
Cause: Death of incumbent Azman Mohammad Noor (BN)
Winner: Tan Sri Mohd. Isa Abdul Samad (BN)
10th
Date: 25th April 2010
Constituency: Hulu Selangor
Category: Parliament
Cause: death of incumbent Datuk Dr Zainal Abidin Ahmad (PKR)
Winner: P. Kamalanathan (BN)
11th
Date: 16th May 2010
Constituency: Sibu
Category: Parliament
Cause: death of incumbent Robert Lau Hoi Chew (BN)
Winner: Richard Wong Ho Leng (DAP)
joint 12th-13th
Date: 4th November 2010
Constituency: Galas
Category: State
Cause: Death of incumbent Chek Hasim bin Sulaima (PAS)
Winner: Abdul Aziz Yusof (BN)
joint 12th-13th
Date: 4th November 2010
Constituency: Batu Sapi
Category: Parliament
Cause: Death of incumbent Datuk Edmund Chong (BN/PBS)
Winner: Datin Linda Tsen Thau Lin (BN/PBS)
14th
Date: 30th January 2011
Constituency: Tenang (Johor)
Category: State
Cause: Death of incumbent Datuk Sulaiman Taha (BN)
Winner: Mohd Azahar Ibrahim (BN), increased majority
By-election score: PR 8-6 BN
15th
Date: 6th March 2011
Constituency: Merlimau (Melaka)
Category: State
Cause: Death of incumbent Datuk Mohamad Hidhir Abu Hassan (BN)
Winner: Roslan Ahmad (BN), increased majority
16th
Date: 6th March 2011
Constituency: Kerdau (Pahang)
Category: State
Cause: Death of incumbent Datuk Zaharuddin Abu Kassim (BN) on 12th February 2011
Winner: Syed Ibrahim Syed Ahmad (BN), increased majority
By-election score: PR 8-8 BN
possible 17th
Date: [yet to be decided by the EC]
Constituency: Port Klang (Selangor)
Category: State
Cause: On 19th January 2011 Selangor Speaker Datuk Teng Chang Khim declared the seat vacant because incumbent Badrul Hisham Abdullah has been absent from assembly sittings for 6 months.
Winner: [by election yet to be held]